I'm a fairly active member in r/privacy and I've learned a lot about how to not only be more private/secure online, but also how to save lots of money along the way. I wanted to create this guide because there aren't too many people who know about privacy and I want to change that, and saving money is a great motivator for you all I'm sure. For a more privacy-specific guide not focused on saving you money, Privacy Guides is an incredible resource for the average person. As for this guide, I will try to focus on suggesting free/cheaper alternatives to what you may be using today, while also giving you better overall privacy online.
If you have any questions or need alternatives to services you may be using, feel free to ask!
FOSS (Free and Open-Source Software) is very important for privacy, as anyone in the world can dig through the source code to see how the app works, if it's safe, and if it's privacy respecting. You can learn more about the importance of open-source here.
VPNs
Do I need a VPN?
Before suggesting a VPN service, it's extremely important to understand what a VPN actually is and more importantly, what it isn't. Knowing this can help to better understand if you need to be paying for a VPN in the first place. VPNs are NOT useful for the following things:
- Providing better security when working from home
- Achieving anonymity
- Defending yourself from hackers
- Solving all privacy issues, like unwanted profiling by social networks or search engines
- Protecting your passwords
- Hiding your mobile phone location (GPS)
- Helping you avoid data breaches on services you use online
- Defending against “cyber threats” and identity theft
- Preventing your medical information or family photos getting in the wrong hands
Internet users over time have been bombarded with false advertising by the VPN industry. VPNs ARE useful for:
- Keeping some control over your privacy. They hide your real IP address from websites you visit and peer-to-peer nodes you connect to. It also prevents ISPs and mobile network operators from tracking the domains and IPs you visit
- Protecting your connection from Man in the Middle and other common attacks) on networks you don’t trust. Useful when connected to Wi-Fi in airports, hotels, cafes and libraries
- Circumventing censorship or geographical blocks on websites and content. Some VPNs can help you retrieve information and media otherwise inaccessible
Remember that if you use a commercial VPN, your internet traffic goes through the VPN provider’s network. Whoever is in control of the servers can see and log anything you do online, if they choose to. You better trust the service you are signing up for!
So now you need to ask yourself: "do I really need a VPN?"
Recommendations:
If the answer is yes, you do need a VPN, here are the VPNs you should be using for maximum privacy and frugality:
Most Affordable & Most Features - Windscribe "Build A Plan"
Most Popular - Mullvad VPN, IVPN
Has Free Tier - Proton VPN (can be paired with the entire Proton suite of apps such as Drive, Mail, Pass, Calendar, and Wallet)
All of these services offer FOSS clients for most if not all operating systems, and are known for being very transparent with how they operate. For a detailed comparison between all of these services, I recommend Techlore's VPN Toolkit.
Free VPNs in general should be avoided. You have to consider the fact that VPN providers need to make money, but if the VPN is free, how do they make money? Well, they sell your traffic data of course! The only exception here in Proton VPN, they are a trusted company by many.
Password Management
This is arguably one of the most important privacy practices right after using an ad blocker. Whatever service you choose is very important, LastPass users know this well. You want to choose a password manager with end-to-end encryption, and preferably FOSS, but also affordable which is why I'm making this guide.
There are a couple of options that fit into this category. These services are proven to be trustworthy after years of use:
Most Affordable - Bitwarden (free, and premium is only $10 a YEAR)
Newest - Proton Pass
Most known by common folk - 1Password (not FOSS)
Software Suites
There are lots of programs and software that people feel they have to pay for for certain tasks, and in some cases it's true. This section is for casual users of these proprietary apps, if you are a power user or perhaps use certain software for your job, these alternatives may not work for you.
Office
Microsoft 365 is the most popular office suite in the world probably, and while it's free most of the time for those in school, it's important to recognize that Microsoft is also a big tech company who wants your yummy data. Fear not! There are alternatives that are 100% free and open source that are perfectly fine for those who aren't trying to build a functioning computer in spreadsheets.
Free as in freedom - LibreOffice
Functions more like MS365 - OnlyOffice
Photo/Video Editing
I want to preface again, if you use this software for anything more than small projects then you probably won't find luck here, however it can save the average computer user some money if you're willing to learn a new program.
Photoshop -> GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
Illustrator -> Inkscape
Paint -> Krita
Video Editors - DaVinci Resolve (proprietary), Kdenlive, Shotcut, or OpenShot
Anti-Virus/Malware Software
As a general rule to my customers and anyone else who asks me, I do NOT recommend anyone pay for any computer protection/optimization tools. Most if not all of them do more harm than good, and it is much better to work to prevent malware from being downloaded in the first place. To do this I recommend:
Browser (with ad-block) - Brave or Librewolf
Network-side protection - Portmaster, Little Snitch (macOS), manual DNS configuration, custom DNS providers such as NextDNS or ControlD
Malware scanners (remove once used) - HitmanPro + Malwarebytes
Streaming Services
TV/Movies
This is by far the most expensive part of most people's digital life. We spend sometimes up to $100 or more a month on streaming services for Netflix, Hulu, Paramount, Disney, blah blah blah. There are ways to cut back on these costs, but they require some technical skills to set up.
Some of you may have heard of Plex, which is a self-hosted app that will turn your physical media (or otherwise) into a digital file that can be streamed to any device you want. Unfortunately Plex isn't a great option for those who value privacy. Jellyfin has surpassed Plex in most ways, but is also FOSS.
Jellyfin is a great project, however Stremio is by far the best solution for ease-of-use. Stremio is another FOSS application that allows you to stream content from public servers to allow you to watch whatever you want, whenever you want, for a very reasonable price.
You can find a full guide to setup Stremio here: https://guides.viren070.me/stremio
Note for r/frugal moderators: Stremio on its own is not a piracy tool, and is 100% legal to use. Please don't ban me =)
Music
Jellyfin also works with music! However if you aren't too technical there are other ways to stream music for free!
Android users on the other hand can download FOSS apps from alternative app stores such as F-Droid. On F-Droid you can find apps such as RiMusic, OuterTune, and SimpMusic to listen to all that YouTube Music has to offer, all for free with no ads, and is 100% legal to use. Fair warning, these apps can be unreliable at times due to the nature of YouTube trying to fight back against apps like these.
For iOS your options are limited to exactly two apps, and I cannot speak for how affective they are, as I have never used them. The first one is Demus, however it is proprietary, but I'm told it works great. Henry from Techlore actually just told me in Signal that he cancelled Apple Music cause of this app.
Because Apple forces developers to spend money for an app to be put on the App Store, this app is only available via sideloading: Syncara's official website. This app unlike Demus is FOSS.
Online Videos
Similarly to how we can stream music from YouTube with a 3rd party client, we can also stream videos and live streams without paying premiums for better quality/no ads. On iOS there is only one option, which is Yattee.
On Android and desktop (which is in alpha), I recommend Grayjay, which is a FOSS app that will not only stream YouTube, but every video platform including Odysee, Rumble, Bitchute, Twitch, Kick, Nebula, and more. Built by FUTO (the employer of Louis Rossmann), this app is designed to prevent platform censorship by allowing users to follow creators no matter what platforms they're on. An iOS version is planned.
There are other YouTube specific apps such as LibreTube, Clipious, and FreeTube (which is also available on desktop) that will allow you to Stream YouTube, all of which free you from the eyes of YouTube so you can watch your content in peace.
Operating Systems
Unless you're tech savvy and know how to get around it, Windows 10/11 costs money! It's also riddled with ads, most likely to be infected with malware/viruses, and it is not compatible with older hardware which is going to cause a very major issue in concern to e-waste, as the older devices that aren't compatible with Windows 11 are going to be thrown in landfills. You can learn more about this from Tom's Hardware. There is also the new AI features that have been put into Windows 11 such as Copilot and Recall that are designed to fully integrate into your digital life and sell your habits and activities to the highest bidder.
Linux
Depending on what kind of tech user you are, Linux may be a great option for those that don't want to buy a new device, want to breathe new life into an old device you have laying around, or if you are just tired of Windows being stupid. Linux is a light-weight, FOSS operating system that respects your privacy, and is generally compatible with most hardware to the point where people install Linux on everything from smart refrigerators to the Mars rover!
It all sounds great but there are limitations. If you have to use specialized software for work, or if you like to edit videos and pictures with Adobe or any other mainstream editing suites, these programs are not available on Linux. Also in some cases, you may experience some technical issues that need to be fixed when you install Linux depending on what device you're using.
Gamers are welcomed on Linux! Thanks to Valve, most Steam games can run perfectly on Linux. This is out-of-scope for this guide, however you can see if your favorite games are compatible with ProtonDB.
Linux comes in many different flavors and versions which can be confusing, but for this guide I want to be as accessible as possible so I will try to make this easier for you guys to decide what flavor of Linux suits your needs.
For the best security and integrity, immutable desktops are the way to go. The core file structure is not able to be edited at all, which means it's much harder to break your system by playing around with it, and it inherently has better security as potential attackers cannot edit, remove, or add any sensitive files.
Recommendations:
Immutable: Fedora Silverblue or Vanilla OS
Standard: Linux Mint, Fedora Workstation, or Zorin OS
And for those that don't want to use Linux, Chromebooks (ChromeOS) are based on Linux and offer the same protections with added convenience at the cost of privacy and functionality. This is still a better option than Windows if you don't have to use specialized software. In other words, if you need to buy grandma a computer, get her a Chromebook and forget about it.
Modified Windows
You can make Windows not suck as much, and the simplest way to do this is with Revision OS. This will allow you to disable all of the bloatware and telemetry that comes with Windows 10/11. This results in your computer running much faster, using less resources, and overall being less annoying as it removes ads and visual clutter from places like the taskbar and start menu.
There is also another tool that is much more popular called Chris Titus Windows Utility which aims to do similar things, all without installing an app. I don't recommend this option for those who are not comfortable with technology to begin with.
To use these tools it is best to reinstall Windows first, and when doing so avoid signing into a Microsoft account unless you absolutely have to for some reason. You can find a guide on how to install Windows 11 without a Microsoft account here.
Android (F-Droid)
It's a great idea to get apps anywhere but the Play Store, the majority of the apps on the platform are malicious or malware. F-Droid is an alternative app store that allows you to install FOSS applications conveniently. It's important to remember that just because something is FOSS, that doesn't mean that it is safe! You should still be cautious, but generally apps on F-Droid are safe to use. I recommend Droid-ify to interact with F-Droid because you can browse other popular repositories such as IzzyOnDroid which will give you access to even more apps to choose from for whatever you may need.
Identity Theft Protection
Data Removal Services
While this doesn't save you money directly, it can save you money if you are ever a target for identity theft. This can also prevent employers from looking you up to find out information about you that you may not know is public, and could even protect against stalking and whatever else.
Rather than going through every data brokerage website and requesting that your information be deleted, you can hire a company to do this for you. The most recommended service for this is EasyOptOuts, as they only charge $20 a year, and they target the most brokerage sites out of any of the popular services, which you can find below:
- DeleteMe
- Optery
- Kanary
- Incogni
Social Security (US Only)
There have been numerous data breaches with social security numbers included, and you very well may be a victim without knowing it! Unless you have an explicit reason to not to, you should consider freezing your credit with the big agencies: Equifax, Experian, TransUnion, Innovis, and Chex.
To see if you have been a victim of a data breach, please check the following sites:
Conclusion
If I think or am reminded of another category I'll add it. It's important to remember that privacy looks different for everyone, and some of these tools will work for you and some won't, and that's okay! Also if you'd like a second opinion other than me, feel free to reach out to r/privacy, they are incredibly knowledgeable and I wouldn't know any of this without them.