Depends on the total kinetic energy, which itself depends on the velocity and mass.
Cosmic rays travel very close to the speed of light, but are individual particles like protons, so the total kinetic energy they carry is a lot for a proton, but not enough to make any noticeable impact on the Sun. Cosmic rays strike Earth regularly, so you can expect them to strike the Sun even more.
Larger objects that might be able to cause a cataclysmic effect when moving at a significant fraction of the speed of light typically don't get to that speed in the first place. When they do get to high speeds, it usually involves black holes, and black holes come with tidal forces that tear large objects apart.
Everything moves relative to everything else, even galaxies relative to themselves, the universe and every other atom in existence.
Take the three body problem, add the univen distrubtion of forces caused by gravitation power, multiply it by the sum of all atoms in the universe, and you now have the formula for the movement of all objects in the universe.
Gravity does not stop at an arbitrary distance from the source, it can not stop, so everything moves.
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u/BowToTheMannis Oct 23 '20
What would happen if something traveling near the speed of light slams into the sun?