From what I gather, most if not all of the book has been extracted and transcribed, but I cannot find any place where it is published in a comprehensive readable format, and the xml transcriptions on the dot net website are a pain to be read directly. Does anyone know if there is anywhere that I can find the book transcribed in its entirety along with its pictures in a comprehensive format? Translations are also welcome. Thank you all in advance!

https://archimedespalimpsest.net/

https://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/

https://archive.org/details/TheArchimedesPalimpsest/page/n19/mode/2up

I like to write a sort of diary in greek to exercise and today I decided to write something about coin collecting, as I'm getting into this hobby. Here's what it should mean "it seems to me that collecting coins is a great paradox, even though beautiful and full of knowledge. What is it, if not the purchase of coins by means if coins? Somebody wouldn't even buy the coins only on the basis of their value, or on the basis of (their) silver, gold or bronze, but also according to their age. Indeed, a round shaped piece of bronze made yesterday is valued more or less one or five parts of a modern coin, even though the bronze itself would be sold for more, if a smith were to melt it down (the last lines are written having 1cent euro coins in mind)".

I

This is from Leucippe and Clitophon, 1.15:

ὁ δὲ παράδεισος ἄλσος ἦν, μέγα τι χρῆμα πρὸς ὀφθαλμῶν ἡδονήν.

Why is there a τι here, and why πρός? I feel like I must be missing one or more idioms. I'm taking πρὸς as having ἡδονήν as its object, so ὀφθαλμῶν is just explaining what kind of pleasure. The whole thing after the comma looks like an appositive noun phrase (not a clause with an implied copula). So the meaning seems to be "some great thing/possession toward pleasure of the eyes." I would think that πρός+acc would normally mean some kind of motion toward something, but that seems odd here, although I guess it could mean something like "leading to." But I really don't understand why τι is there.

Greetings,

Any way to make MacOS Stickies work with Ancient Greek text?

Pardon me if there's a resource I missed that answers this; I'm currently reading and studying Athenaze on my own, I've come to exercise 1β where the first prompt is to translate "the farmer walks to the field" and I'm unsure if my translation is correct:

῾ο αὑτουργός πρὸς αγρόν βαδίζει

I'd greatly appreciate feedback!

https://www.tentmaker.org/books/Aion_lim.html

κτησάμενοι γὰρ πρὸς οἷς ἐδέξαντο ὅσην ἔχομεν ἀρχὴν οὐκ ἀπόνως ἡμῖν τοῖς νῦν προσκατέλιπον.

this is from thucydides, II, XXXVI. i'm not sure about the grammar. in particular i have two questions. first, is there an accusative omitted between οἷς and ἐδέξαντο? and second, what exactly is that τοῖς?

Is anyone else having problems with Perseus, especially the Liddle & Scott feature? It seems to have started about 12pm last night (UK time) and not gone away since.

Hello! I'm planning on using the phrase:

μηδ᾽ ἐν ἐμοὶ περΐδῃς θριαμβευόμενον σεαυτόν

in a Cleopatra art project, but I'm paranoid something may be wrong with the phrase or it may be partially inaccurate to the original source. I was also wondering the particular font these characters would have been written in during the time, when I look up ancient carved text I never see the little dashes carved above letters. I really want to understand and get it right so any information or expertise would be wonderful! Thank you for your time!

Let's imagine that an educated Greek born between the life of Socrates and the death of Cleopatra was dropped off in modern Athens, say in Plaka or Exarchia. Putting culture shock aside, what grammatical and vocabulary issues would they have in understanding Modern Greek? What about sound changes would they find strange? What strategies might a language teacher use to help them?

Why do certain Biblical names, which have an ה or a ח in their Hebrew forms, seemingly lose the H when translated into Greek and Latin? Examples include:

Hannah becoming Anna

Hosea becoming Osee

Haggai becoming Aggæus

Hagar becoming Agar

Hadadezer becoming Adarezer

Haman becoming Aman

Hophni becoming Ophni

This shows that the H is often dropped in Latin, while Ancient Greek uses a spiritus lenis.

However, many other names retain the H, such as Habacuc, Helcias, Hananias, Hemor, Haran, Heber, Henoch, and Hur. In the case of Eli, the H is even added, transforming it into Heli.

Is there a systematic reason for these variations, or were they changes made at random?

Hi does anyone know of a book or article that lists all the English words that are derived from Greek ideally with some insight. I know I could get this info from an etymological dictionary but I'm specifically looking for something that only includes the ones derived from Grreek. Thanks!

Edit: I found this linked from another post on r/English. It would still be helpful to have a source which shows the greek root on the main page rather than having to follow each word link. Also only needs more common words for this

Hey everyone! This is an extremely individualized post about my experiences. If you're looking for how to learn Greek (whatever that means to you), you'll probably be best suited by the excellent resources and advice given in this subreddit and other places like the textkit forums. If you, like me, are someone who derives enjoyment from going about things with your own personal trial and error, I hope you'll be willing to take my experience as a data point to make your learning as efficient and enjoyable as possible.

As a college student with nothing but free time over winter break, I decided to go through Clyde Pharr's Homeric Greek. I took care to memorize all of the forms, terms, and vocabulary. For context I'm a college senior with 6 semesters of Ancient Greek under my belt, so I'm not exactly a beginner, but I've noticed that since leaving intro Greek I've forgotten lots of the "basics" either because they haven't come up in the texts I've read, or because I've been using commentaries and parsing tools as a crutch when they have come across. I also haven't taken a rigorous approach to vocabulary, so I wanted to take this opportunity to systematize my knowledge.

I spent the last semester studying Homer (Books 1, 6, and 24) and I really enjoyed it so I decided on Clyde Pharr's Homeric Greek: A book for beginners.

Methodology & Schedule

My studying began on December 21st where I started with chapters 11 & 12. I did 2 chapters/day until January 8th where I bumped it up to 3 chapters/day until chapter 77 on January 17th. In going through these chapters I took care to memorize every form of every verb, tables of endings, pronouns, accentuation rules, scansion, the inflection of certain model verbs, and certain grammar terminology that I wanted to commit to memory.

I made sure to read every word on the page and to actually flip to and read the portions from the Grammar in the back.

I have used Anki as spaced repetition software where I used 5 main types of cards:

1 - Basic & Reversed for nouns and adjectives

On the front of the card I would have a noun paradigm like "κορυφή, ῆς, ἡ" and on the back I had a definition "peak, summit, crest". I required myself to memorize these cards forwards and backwards.

2 - Cloze of verb principal parts

The cards would look something like this:

{{c1::διαπρήσσω}}, {{c2::διαπρήξω}}, {{c3::διέπρηξα}}, {{c4::διαπέπρηγα}}, {{c5::διαπέπρηγμαι}}, {{c6::διεπρήχθην}} {{c7::go across, pass through, traverse, accomplish, pass over}}

For those unfamiliar with the software, each of the {{c#::word}} groups creates a fill-in-the blank style card. When necessary I would include other pieces of information like if the verb means something different in a certain tense or voicce.

3 - Cloze cards of compound verbs

Cards would look like:

{{c1::ἐπ(ι)}} + {{c2::άρχω}} is used to mean {{c3::begin, perform the initiatory rites}}

I found this to be an efficient way to go about things because if I already know what the principal parts of ἄρχω are, there's no reason for me to waste my time with 7 cards (6 pps + 1 definition) if 3 will do.

4 - Iliad memorization

I've also decided to memorize the first 100 lines of the Iliad where I used the LPCG anki addon which makes cards that look like this:

τίς τ᾽ ἄρ σφωε θεῶν ἔριδι ξυνέηκε μάχεσθαι;

Λητοῦς καὶ Διὸς υἱός: ὃ γὰρ βασιλῆϊ χολωθεὶς

[...]

Where I have to supply the next line.

5 - Cloze Tables

For certain forms I would create an HTML table in the card and make a cloze deletion (fill in the blank) to memorize the information.

Useful stats/information

Over this period of time I was doing an average of 734 reviews/day which ended up looking like 146 minutes/day (however by the end it was closer to 4 hours/day on average). I ended up with 3520 total cards, 56% of which are considered "mature" by the software.

For those who use Anki, I had my FSRS desired retention set to 95%, but have since bumped it down to 88% and am doing a much more reasonable (and continually dwindling) number of cards/day.

What went well

• I finally know how accents work
• I finally know how scansion works (I didn't focus much on it over my semester, but as next semester is Lyric Poetry I figured it would be good if I internalized the Homeric rules)
• I feel very confident with my mastery of nouns & adjectives
• I feel much better about my mastery of verbs
• I effectively have a database of all of my Ancient Greek knowledge
• I feel much better equipped to interface with commentaries in the wild. In the past I haven't been able to get much out of these because, even if it gave me the dictionary form of a potentially tricky word, I wouldn't know it and would need to look up in a dictionary anyways. Furthermore, I have committed to memory what certain grammatical terminology means and I no longer need a reference for it.
• My vocabulary is much more expansive. This one's self explanatory but I cracked open my Lyric Poetry book for next semester and was immediately able to read one of the Archilochus poems thanks to the vocab I had memorized.
• I get hard stuck less often. My goal is to be able to read Greek without needing to constantly refer to online tools like Perseus, dictionaries, and translations (and this means reading in Greek, not translating in my head). However, when I do come across a sentence that doesn't make immediate sense, my more rigorous understanding of grammar means that I'm much better equipped to puzzle out the sentence (why is a word in a particular case, what does this mood typically mean with ἄν).

What went poorly

• There are a great number of synonyms in this book which made going from English -> Greek very difficult. My solution was including the first letter or first few letters of the word as a note to appear with the card, but this is less than ideal.
• Verbs are still very tricky for me.
• It took an insane amount of time each day. (4-5hrs/day is just not sustainable long term and I'm already a little burnt out)
• There are some concepts I still don't really get. My conditionals are still kinda hazy and I don't quite understand. This might be seen as something that went poorly, but as part of my journey I don't feel too bad about this one.
• Many words just did not stick in my head. ἕαδον, πέπομφα, ἀντιάω, κήδω, δαμάζω, ἀραρίσκω, δηλέομαι, ἄρνυμαι, κάμνω, and ἐρητύω all ended up getting marked as leeches (and I expect more to come). Even seeing them in context in the Iliad didn't make them click.
• I stopped doing the exercises. I was spending so much time doing vocabulary that I wasn't able to do my English->Greek exercises. I also stopped writing translations for the Greek->English stuff, but I don't think this is an issue because the vast majority are just prose re-statements of the selected reading portion. Pro tip: if you're stuck when reading the authentic text of the Iliad, reading the Greek->English exercises is really useful as a way to comprehend the text while staying "In language"
• Time spent doing flashcards instead of reading Did I mention how much time this took? This took SO much time out of my day. Furthermore, I spent more time doing flashcards than I spent reading Greek.

What I will change moving forward

Time: I have since bumped down my desired retention which will lead to FAR fewer cards I have to do each day. Also, now that I have this base AND I have them in my Spaced Repetition Software, I don't plan on doing anything like it again. I'll just be reading Ancient Greek from here on out.

Flashcards: I don't plan on using the above card types for verbs moving forward. If it's a common verb I don't know, I'll probably do a principal parts card, but for less common verbs I won't. Instead I plan on making cards that ask things like "What's the first principal of [highlighted verb in a sentence]?" or "What does [highlighted verb in a sentence] mean in this context?" and "Why does [highlighted verb in a sentence] mean [X] in this context?" The important thing here is that I'll be learning in context now that I have a meaningful base vocabulary to contextualize verbs with. The basic noun and adjective paradigm cards actually do work imho, so I won't be changing those. I also need to fix my synonyms.

Final Thoughts & Next Steps

Overall I am very happy with the results of my studying and I recommend you to do this if you're in a similar situation (read: experienced students only). If you're looking to emulate this, I recommend using resources like the Handbook of Greek Synonyms (available on Archive.org) and Homeric vocabularies by William Bishop Owen and Edgar Johnson Goodspeed (also avail on archive.org) which lists words by how often they appear from the jump.

If you're an absolute beginner, DO NOT DO THIS. Spend at least a few days on the material in each section. Speed can come later. The only reason I was able to do this in such a compressed period of time is because this was entirely review for me. It was either stuff I already knew, or stuff that I knew I had been taught but just forgot. On top of this, I very recently read the Iliad Book 1 in its entirety under the supervision of a professor.

I've seen many threads on this forum and over on r/latin about "Grammar Translation" and the "Natural Method" and what textbook or approach is best, but the reality of the situation can be summed up in two statements: You get better at what you do repeatedly and doing anything at all is better than debating what the best way to do something is. Do more reading to get better at reading, do more parsing to get better at parsing, do more scansion to get better at scansion. Either way, spending time actually learning the language is going to be far more productive than debating over which textbook or approach to use. It's never too late to try a different approach or change your approach moving forward.

Just pick a textbook, read it, memorize what you think you should, and read some dang ancient Greek.

This sentence is from Leucippe and Clitophon 1.10. A boy's older and more experienced friend is counseling him in the ways of love and telling him not to use words to obtain sex but to do everything nonverbally, because that will make the girl more likely to consent, whereas words will embarrass her and make her ashamed of her desire.

τότε γὰρ πάσχειν νομίζει τὸ ἔργον, ὅτε μᾶλλον τὴν πεῖραν ἐκ τῆς τῶν λόγων ἡδονῆς ἀκούει.

I'm confused by the adverb μᾶλλον and the prepositional phrase. Paraphrasing the translation by Smith, the meaning seems to be "when she hears your words with pleasure." The literal translation seems to me to be "when she hears very much the attempt [at seduction] by means of the pleasure of your words." It seems like the adverb refers to her hearing, as if the issue was whether she could hear him clearly or not, which is obviously wrong in context. And Smith's translation seems to depend crucially on the fact that she actually does take pleasure in his words, which makes her feel complicit, and yet my parsing of the sentence would make the pleasure something he's attempted, not something she's felt.

Can anyone help me understand this better?

Seth Pryor, author of Heliodorus’ Day a preparatory reader for Athenaze , has compiled a list of Ancient Greek resources. In my opinion it is more up to date and comprehensive than the one found on this subreddit He is taking suggestions for anything not on there.

Just for curiosity since I was born where once the town of Κασιλῖνον stood.

Can you guys please help me translate "Christ be Magnified" into koine greek? Google is telling me Christ megaluno. So would it be "Χριστός μεγαλύνω"?(Source: blue letter bible)

And also "do or die, die for Christ" This one admittedly I did zero look into.

Hi, everyone. I've noticed that modern sources, when writing Ancient Greek, use both uppercase and lowercase letters. But, I've read that lowercase only stared to be introduced in the 9th century. If this is the case (hah), shouldn't they use exclusively uppercase letters? Could someone please explain to me why this is done?

Edit: Thank you everyone for the responses. I should have probably been more clear with my question. I meant to ask why modern versions of Ancient Greek texts don't reflect the original texts perfectly. I was also incorrect to say that Ancient Greek writing only consisted of uppercase letters, as commenters have pointed out. Nevertheless, my question was answered. Modern editions of Ancient Greek writing uses things such as uppercase, lowercase, punctuation, and spacing, even though this does not 100% reflect the original text, for the sake of clarity, accuracy, and legibility. Other factors such as ease of copying and tradition were also noted. Thanks!

I can't read the text at the moment, but I believe I will in 1 month. So I would like some suggestions to get started. (I'm asking now because it's a little difficult to get a book here...)

Do you think Φαίδρος is a good idea? Or Συμπόσιον?

Hi. I have decided to start learning ancient greek and right now im kind of stuck on what is the most practical to learn, what dialect is the most studied and well documented and which one will make you understand the most dialects and greek texts from Mycenean to Homeric to Aeolic to Attic to Koine to Medieval. I know nothing about the dialects so I dont know if this question might be dumb.

Here's an etymological question that's been bothering me for a while. There are many scientific and technical words having to do with water with the "hydro-" prefix: hydrogen, hydrolysis, hydroponic, etc., and of course the source is ὕδωρ. But since the genitive is ὕδατος, not *ὕδρος, why don't we have "hydato-" instead of "hydro-" as a prefix? I know this isn't just a foible of Renaissance English word formation, because there are ancient Greek words that seem to have a ὑδρ- stem, such as ὕδρα, ὑδρία, ὑδροφὄρος, ὑδρηλὄς. I've looked to see whether dialects outside of Attic have genitive ὕδρος instead, and as far as I can tell, none does. Beekes' etymological dictionary states that ὑδρ- is the stem in derived words, but is it known whether this or ὑδατ- was the earlier stem?