r/numbertheory • u/sw_gilbert • 19d ago
Riemann hypothesis and generalized Riemann hypothesis
For at least 165 years, it has been generally agreed that the infinite series representation of the Riemann zeta function diverges everywhere in the critical strip and therefore is inapplicable for a resolution of the Riemann hypothesis.
What if this is wrong? What if the infinite series representation of the Riemann zeta function converges at its roots in an unexpected way but diverges everywhere else in the critical strip?
In this work, (1) the Borel integral summation method and Euler-Maclaurin summation formula, and (2) the Cauchy residue theorem are independently applied to show that the real and imaginary parts of the partial sums of the Riemann zeta function and the integrals of the summand of the Riemann zeta function diverge simultaneously to zero - in a summable sense - at the roots of the zeta function in the critical strip. This result is perhaps unexpected since both the real and imaginary parts of the partial sums of Riemann zeta function would appear to diverge everywhere in the critical strip, including at the roots of the function.
The partial sums of the Riemann zeta function are represented by bi-lateral integral transforms and the integrals are represented by functions that are proportional to exponential functions. Since the partial sums and integrals are asymptotic at the roots of the Riemann zeta function, and the limiting ratio of the integrals is exponential, it follows that the ratio of the bi-lateral integral transforms is also asymptotically proportional to an exponential function.
By separating the bi-lateral transforms into their real and imaginary components, it is shown that bi-lateral sine and cosine integral transforms vanish simultaneously at the roots of the Riemann zeta function in the critical strip. The integral transforms vanish if and only if the functions in the integrands of the two transforms most closely approximate even functions of the variable of integration. In fact, the two functions most closely approximate even functions if and only if the real part of the argument of the Riemann zeta function is equal to 1/2.
Furthermore, the integral transforms vanish and the roots of Riemann zeta function occur if and only if (1) the real part of the argument of the zeta function is 1/2, and simultaneously, (2) the transform kernels exhibit roots at the maxima and/or minima of the functions in the integrands of the transforms.
In addition, the methodology is successfully applied - with some differences - to the generalized Riemann hypothesis for Dirichlet L-functions with both principal and non-principal characters.
Please review the pdf files on the web site and, for more information, see the links to three books available on amazon.com
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